President Donald Trump’s administration dished out a chilly burn to Trump’s ice-cream-loving predecessor, Joe Biden, saying he led the US ice cream trade down an financial rocky highway.
“America had a commerce surplus in ice cream in 2020 underneath President Trump’s management, however that surplus was a commerce deficit of $40.6 million underneath President Biden’s watch,” the Workplace of the US Commerce Consultant wrote July 20 on X. The submit included a chart that exhibits the US ice cream commerce deficit with Japan, South Africa, the European Union, Brazil, Canada and Turkiye.
The US ice cream commerce stability did change dramatically in 2021, the 12 months Biden took workplace. The commerce stability formally flipped detrimental – which suggests imports outnumber exports – in 2022 and has remained so since then.
However trade specialists warning that US ice cream imports account for a minuscule fraction of all of the US ice cream consumed within the US, and exports account for a tiny fraction of all US ice cream produced.
The commerce change was pushed principally by a soar in imports. Exports have remained largely unchanged since 2020.
And the cherry on prime? Disagreement over which merchandise to categorise as “ice cream” additionally impacts knowledge, specialists say. For instance, the information referenced by the workplace of the US Commerce Consultant additionally contains “edible ice”, which some specialists (and dairy defenders) say doesn’t qualify as ice cream.
Eradicating edible ice exhibits that “the US is a internet exporter by a major margin of ($193 million) or +85% bigger by worth,” Worldwide Dairy Meals Affiliation Govt Vice President Matt Herrick advised PolitiFact through electronic mail.
Ice cream imports enhance causes US commerce deficit
From 1995 to 2020, the US had an ice cream commerce surplus, starting from about $20m to about $160m, in line with the Observatory of Financial Complexity, an internet financial knowledge platform. Longtime prospects embody Mexico, adopted by Saudi Arabia and Canada.
In 2021, that surplus almost vanished, and in 2022 and 2023, the US notched up an ice cream commerce deficit of $92m and $33m, respectively.
At first look, importing frozen meals doesn’t appear sensible.
“Transport refrigerated and frozen merchandise abroad is dear,” dairy economist Betty Berningat of HighGround Dairy stated. “Mexico is the highest vacation spot for US dairy exports.”
However many US and European corporations have tapped into international markets.
“Shoppers may desire a particular deal with that’s styled after or identified to be from one other nation,” Herrick stated.
Italy, the birthplace of gelato, is now america’ largest single supply of imported ice cream. Italian ice cream imports greater than quintupled from about $12m to nearly $65m between 2020 and 2021 alone, earlier than reducing considerably in 2023, the final 12 months for which knowledge is obtainable.
A few of this stems from elevated shopper demand for specialty pints. A report by Mordor Intelligence, a world market analysis agency, stated “product innovation and premiumisation” have turn into key within the US ice cream trade.
“This pattern is especially evident within the development of premium pint choices and individually wrapped novelties that cater to each indulgence and portion management preferences,” the report stated.
The US produces way more ice cream than it imports or exports
To get to the pint: The overwhelming majority of ice cream consumed in america is made there, not abroad.
The Trump administration is cherry-picking stats from a fraction of a sliver of the US ice cream trade.
Based on US Agriculture Division knowledge, US ice cream makers churned out 1.31 billion gallons of ice cream in 2024. This contains common ice cream, low-fat and nonfat ice cream, sherbet and frozen yoghurt.
By comparability, the US imported 2.35 million gallons of conventional ice cream in 2024 – that’s 0.18 p.c of the quantity produced domestically, Herrick stated.
The US exported 16.4 million gallons of that home manufacturing, which can be a tiny fraction of 1.31 billion gallons of ice cream – slightly greater than 1 p.c.
Factoring in ice cream mixes, excluding ‘edible ice’ merchandise
One other caveat concerning the worldwide commerce knowledge: It doesn’t embody “mixes”, which skews the totals, stated Herrick of the Worldwide Dairy Meals Affiliation.
Mixes are used to make ice cream shakes and soft-serve merchandise, and so they account for a good portion of US ice cream exports. “Inclusion of such knowledge factors would change the image fairly considerably,” stated Herrick. “Whereas it’s true that conventional ice cream and edible ice exports have seen decreased exports, the identical can’t be stated for exports of mixes.”
US milk-based drink exports elevated 621 p.c over the previous 5 years, he stated. In 2024, the US exported almost $35m in mixes to the European Union.
Individuals and dairy-based ice cream: A centuries-old love affair melting away?
The White Home has churned out loads of ice cream devotees.
George Washington stocked the capital with ice cream-making gear. Thomas Jefferson is credited as being the primary American to file an ice cream recipe. Ronald Reagan declared July Nationwide Ice Cream Month in 1984. Barack Obama even slung scoops again within the day.
Biden, who was usually sighted with a cone in hand, proclaimed whereas visiting Jeni’s Splendid Ice Cream headquarters in 2016: “My title is Joe Biden, and I like ice cream.”
However consumption of standard dairy ice cream – a class that doesn’t embody frozen yoghurt, sherbet or nonfat and low-fat ice lotions – has been trending down for years.
In 1975, Individuals ate a median of 18.2 kilos every of ice cream per 12 months. That determine fell to 11.7 kilos by 2023.
Our ruling
The workplace of the US Commerce Consultant purported a summertime scoop: “America had a commerce surplus in ice cream in 2020 underneath President Trump’s management, however that surplus was a commerce deficit of $40.6 million underneath President Biden’s watch.”
It’s correct that the US ice cream commerce stability had a surplus for 1 / 4 of a century earlier than turning detrimental whereas Biden was president.
However the US Commerce Consultant’s assertion makes the US ice cream deficit seem out of cone-trol.
There are three scoops of context on this commerce sundae:
The change was pushed principally by a soar in imports. Exports have remained largely unchanged since 2020.
US ice cream imports and exports are a negligible quantity in comparison with home manufacturing.
There’s additionally disagreement over which merchandise ought to or shouldn’t be included within the knowledge set, which may skew pattern interpretations. Excluding edible ice merchandise and factoring in ice cream mixes leaves the US with a surplus.
The assertion is correct however wants a sprinkling of clarification and extra particulars, so we fee it Principally True.
Louis Jacobson contributed to this report.
