Zakia Jafri, who turned her private loss into an uphill marketing campaign for justice after her husband, Ehsan Jafri, was brutally murdered throughout sectarian riots within the state of Gujarat in 2002, died on Feb. 2 at her daughter’s residence in Ahmedabad, India. She was 86.
Her dying was confirmed by her son Tanveer Jafri.
Greater than 1,000 individuals, a majority of them Muslim, died within the riots that gripped Gujarat, on the western coast of India, in 2002. They started on Feb. 27, when a fireplace killed practically 60 individuals on a practice carrying Hindu pilgrims to Godhra, a city in Gujarat. The reason for the hearth was disputed. Nonetheless, as rumors unfold that Muslims have been accountable, mobs erupted throughout massive elements of Gujarat, attacking Muslim properties and companies, and killing individuals by hacking and burning them to death. Amongst these killed was Ms. Jafri’s husband, who was a union chief, a lawyer and a former member of Parliament.
In a authorized battle that dragged on for practically twenty years, Ms. Jafri accused Narendra Modi, India’s present prime minister, who on the time was the chief of Gujarat, of “conspiracy and abetment” within the riots.
In all that point, “she remained stoic, despairing, but hopeful,” Teesta Setalvad, a human-rights activist, mentioned in an interview. “For me, for us, she was the mom of all of the survivors of 2002, carrying the burden of her ache and loss with dignity and fortitude and at all times giving us power.”
Zakia Naseem Fidahusain Bandookwala was born on Jan. 15, 1939, in Rustampur, a village within the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. She was one among six youngsters of Fidahusain Fakhrali Bandukwala and Amtubai Fidahusain Bandukwala, rich farmers. She moved to Ahmedabad, within the western state of Gujarat, after marrying Mr. Jafri in 1962.
The couple’s residence in Ahmedabad was burned down throughout riots in 1969. However as a substitute of leaving the world, Mr. Jafri turned concerned in politics to fight for India’s secular traditions, and helped established the Gulberg Society, a Muslim housing complicated within the majority Hindu space.
He was elected to Parliament as a member of the Indian Nationwide Congress Celebration in 1977 — one thing no different Muslim from Ahmedabad has ever achieved. Ms. Jafri was energetic in her husband’s public life, her son mentioned, and sometimes appeared with him at occasions. One black-and-white {photograph} that he nonetheless has, taken at a Congress Celebration assembly within the Nineteen Seventies, reveals Mr. Jafri on the microphone addressing a room filled with males. Ms. Jafri is the one lady within the crowd.
She turned a extra distinguished public face after her husband was killed.
Throughout the riots, Gulberg turned the location of intense carnage, leaving practically 70 individuals useless. Mr. Jafri was hacked to dying in his residence as the remainder of his household sought security upstairs.
“Armed with swords, pipes, acid bottles, kerosene, petrol, hockey sticks, stones and tridents, the mob was unrestrained for six hours,” Human Rights Watch mentioned in a report. In a single interview, Ms. Jafri mentioned that her husband had made more than 200 phone calls to authorities and police officers because the mob gathered, however had acquired no assist.
Within the years that adopted, she accused Mr. Modi and Gujarat’s senior officers of conspiracy and abetting the riots.
Ms. Setalvad mentioned she met Ms. Jafri in March 2002, simply weeks after the violence. She aided Ms. Jafri and different Gulberg survivors by pressuring the federal government to open investigations into inaction by a police drive that they asserted was beneath Mr. Modi’s management, and by defending individuals who have been being threatened to not testify as witnesses.
“I don’t have that a lot power now. I cant even stroll now,” Ms. Jafri, already in her 80s, mentioned in one among her final tv interviews. “However nonetheless I’m going to the courtroom each time it’s required, each time they name me. Twenty years have handed and I didn’t get justice. The ability is of their fingers; what justice will they provide?”
The case was finally dismissed by India’s Supreme Court docket in 2022 after investigations did not uncover concrete proof incriminating Mr. Modi. The courtroom had initially absolved him in 2019, and did so once more when it dismissed Ms. Jafri’s enchantment. It dominated that negligence, or breakdown of legislation and order, was not the identical as conspiracy.
Along with her son Tanveer, Ms. Jafri is survived by one other son, Zuber; a daughter, Nishrin Hussian; and 6 grandchildren.
After the case was dismissed, the federal government arrested Ms. Setalvad, with attorneys telling the courtroom that she had waged a “marketing campaign of vengeance” to defame Gujarat and had used Ms. Jafri as a “device” within the course of.
Tanveer Jafri mentioned his mom had been dissatisfied, not solely by the shortage of accountability but in addition by the way in which her struggle for justice had been turned in opposition to individuals like Ms. Setalvad, who had devoted herself to the trigger.
“She took solace,” he mentioned, “in the truth that future generations can have all these paperwork to unearth the details.”
