Each time Russia assaults Ukraine’s energy infrastructure, Ukrainian engineers threat their lives within the scramble to get electrical energy flowing once more. It’s a harmful job at finest, and a deadly one at worst. It additionally requires creativity. Time stress and equipment shortages make it practically unattainable to rebuild issues precisely as they had been, so engineers should redesign on the fly.
These harmful, traumatic situations have led to extra engineers being harm or killed. The speed of accidents amongst Ukrainian staff in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution jumped practically 50 % after Russia’s full-scale invasion started 4 years in the past, in line with information supplied by Antonina Nagorna, who leads the Division of Epidemiology and Physiology of Work on the Kundiiev Institute of Occupational Well being, in Kiev. By her rely at the very least 48 folks had died on the job by way of the top of 2025, both whereas repairing injury or through the bombardment itself.
Transmission mastermind Oleksiy Brecht joined that grim rely in January. Brecht, who was director for community operations and growth on the Ukrainian grid operator Ukrenergo, died whereas coordinating work at Ukraine’s most attacked electrical switchyard, Kyivska, west of the capital. He was 47 years previous.
Brecht’s life and dying are a window into the realities of hundreds of Ukrainian engineers who face situations past what most engineers might think about. “The struggle fully reworked the skilled lifetime of a top-manager engineer,” says Mariia Tsaturian, an vitality analyst and chief communication officer on the assume tank Ukraine Facility Platform, who beforehand labored with Brecht at Ukrenergo. “As for junior employees, their world was turned the other way up fully. A substation engineer working below shelling is one thing nobody had ever seen or skilled earlier than,” she says.
How Russia Assaults Ukraine’s Grid
Over the course of the struggle, Russia has more and more centered on destroying Ukraine’s vitality infrastructure. It sends assault drones nearly every day through the winter there, when warmth and electrical energy is required most to outlive the bitter chilly. Each 10 days or so it barrages Ukraine’s power system with mixtures of missiles and a whole lot of drones, repeatedly mangling gear and slicing off energy. The chilly imposed on Ukrainian properties is especially hard on former prisoners of war held in Russia, the place chilly is routinely employed as a type of torture.
Within the first two years of the struggle, retaining the grid flowing was a 24/7 job. However Ukrenergo has tailored to the unattainable since then, says Vitaliy Zaychenko, Ukrenergo’s CEO, who by some means discovered a second to talk with IEEE Spectrum through video name. Now, “we’re extra ready for every assault. We now have well-trained groups. We now have assist from Europe,” he says.
However the threat concerned in repairing the grid stays unnerving. Final month a crew from DTEK, Ukraine’s greatest private-sector vitality agency, was touring between places when it was focused by a Russian drone. They heard the drone coming and escaped earlier than their bucket truck was destroyed. Russian forces have employed “double faucet” assaults in opposition to DTEK’s crews, concentrating on their energy infrastructure with a follow-up strike designed to kill first responders—a observe confirmed by the U.N.
When Russia started concentrating on energy infrastructure in October 2022, Brecht’s job shifted from high-level path of grid planning and upkeep to near-constant triage and real-time system reengineering. Most weeks, Brecht spent a number of days within the area, crisscrossing the nation to coordinate work at smashed substations. Brecht would typically be discovered on website determining the way to restart energy utilizing no matter gear was accessible. “It was a singular choice each time,” says Zaychenko.
Oleksiy Brecht died in January whereas overseeing repairs to a bombed-out substation close to Kyiv. He referred to as his workers at Ukrenergo “my fighters. They referred to as him “our basic.”Ukrenergo
Zaychenko famous Brecht’s “genius” for locating inventive grid fixes, his ardour and management expertise, and his credibility with energy brokers in Ukraine and overseas. Brecht scoured the globe sourcing important alternative components, together with stockpiled or older gear from worldwide utilities. Transformers, which can take a year or more to supply, are particularly treasured.
When the fitting gear wasn’t forthcoming, Brecht found out the way to make do. For instance, he would deploy transformers from Western Europe rated for 400 kilovolts to restart a 330-kV circuit. He would adapt transformers designed for 60-hertz alternating present for emergency use on Ukraine’s 50-Hz grid. “He would discover a method,” says Zaychenko, who labored intently with Brecht for over 20 years.
Brecht’s assistant at Ukrenergo, Svitlana Dubas-Veremiienko, says he additionally contributed to the groups’ morale and confidence. She shared on Facebook that he smoked “like a locomotive” on the worst instances, and but exuded calm: “In his presence, chaos subsided,” she wrote. Brecht was not straightforward to intimidate. “He was somebody who by no means feared something or anybody,” provides Tsaturian.
Brecht’s work proved so important that Ukrenergo’s former Deputy CEO Andrii Nemyrovskyi recollects telling Ukraine’s Ministry of Protection in 2022 that the navy should defend two folks: Zaychenko, as a result of he ran grid operations, and Brecht as a result of “system operations requires that the system exists.” Final week, President Zelenskyy posthumously named Brecht a “Hero of Ukraine” for “strengthening the energy security of Ukraine below martial regulation.”
Ukraine’s Energy Infrastructure Below Fireplace
Brecht joined Ukrenergo in 2002 after incomes his diploma in power engineering from Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. Over the subsequent 20 years, he held management positions in dispatching and grid planning and growth. He joined Ukrenergo’s administration board in June 2022 and served as its interim chief in 2024.
Brecht’s contributions to Ukraine’s wartime survival started with a number of key upgrades to Ukrenergo’s technical capabilities forward of the February 2022 invasion. He reintroduced “dwell line” strategies, offering coaching and gear that allow crews to work on circuits whereas they proceed to hold energy to properties and to maintain important wants.
Brecht additionally led preparations for Ukraine’s disconnection from the Russian grid and synchronization with Europe’s. When the invasion started, Ukraine’s Minister of Power on the time, Herman Halushchenko, had argued that switching from Russia’s grid to Europe’s was too dangerous, in line with Tsaturian and Nemyrovskyi. However Brecht insisted—appropriately, as hindsight has proven—that synchronizing with Europe would supply essential stability and backup energy. At his urging, the switch was completed in daring fashion through the first weeks of the invasion.
(Halushchenko was dismissed final 12 months following longstanding allegations of corruption and Russian influence in Ukraine’s vitality sector that gave method to indictments in November 2025 which have rocked President Zelenskyy’s authorities. In January, Halushchenko was detained while attempting to leave the country and charged with money laundering.)
DTEK staff conduct repairs on 26 January following a Russian assault in Kyiv.Danylo Antoniuk/Cowl Pictures/AP
A Ukrainian Electrical Engineer’s Last Day
Brecht’s ultimate act of service adopted the mass destruction of January 19—a day when Kyiv’s excessive temperature was –10° C. That night time, Russian forces focused Ukraine’s vitality infrastructure with 18 ballistic missiles, a hypersonic cruise missile, 15 typical cruise missiles, and 339 drones.
The influence included catastrophic injury on the 750-kV Kyivska substation, which feeds electrical energy to the capital and ensures cooling energy for 2 nuclear power crops.
Brecht was main a staff of about 100 individuals who had been undoing the injury when he made a lethal alternative. He picked up a piece of busbar—strong conduits that join circuits inside substations. It had been blasted to the bottom and, unbeknownst to Brecht, was carrying deadly voltage. It’s unclear whether or not its circuit was nonetheless related, or if it had picked up voltage from another circuit.
Zaychenko says an investigation is ongoing to supply solutions. “I don’t know why he touched this busbar. Perhaps due to tiredness. Perhaps one thing else,” he says. “He was making an attempt to assist the staff to do that job rapidly. It was an enormous mistake and an enormous loss for us.”
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